Glblztn, r glblstn (Cmmnwlth nglsh; s spllng dffrncs), s th prcss f ntrctn nd ntgrtn mng ppl, cmpns, nd gvrnmnts wrldwd. Th trm glblztn frst pprd n th rly 20th cntry (spplntng n rlr Frnch trm mndlstn), dvlpd ts crrnt mnng smtm n th scnd hlf f th 20th cntry, nd cm nt pplr s n th 1990s t dscrb th nprcdntd ntrntnl cnnctvty f th pst–Cld Wr wrld. ts rgns cn b trcd bck t 18th nd 19th cntrs d t dvncs n trnsprttn nd cmmnctns tchnlgy. Ths ncrs n glbl ntrctns hs csd grwth n ntrntnl trd nd th xchng f ds, blfs, nd cltr. Glblztn s prmrly n cnmc prcss f ntrctn nd ntgrtn tht s ssctd wth scl nd cltrl spcts. Hwvr, dspts nd ntrntnl dplmcy r ls lrg prts f th hstry f glblztn, nd f mdrn glblztn.
cnmclly, glblztn nvlvs gds, srvcs, dt, tchnlgy, nd th cnmc rsrcs f cptl. Th xpnsn f glbl mrkts lbrlzs th cnmc ctvts f th xchng f gds nd fnds. Rmvl f crss-brdr trd brrrs hs md th frmtn f glbl mrkts mr fsbl. dvncs n trnsprttn, lk th stm lcmtv, stmshp, jt ngn, nd cntnr shps, nd dvlpmnts n tlcmmnctn nfrstrctr sch s th tlgrph, th ntrnt, mbl phns, nd smrtphns, hv bn mjr fctrs n glblztn nd hv gnrtd frthr ntrdpndnc f cnmc nd cltrl ctvts rnd th glb.
Thgh mny schlrs plc th rgns f glblztn n mdrn tms, thrs trc ts hstry t lng bfr th rpn g f Dscvry nd vygs t th Nw Wrld, nd sm vn t th thrd mllnnm BC. Lrg-scl glblztn bgn n th 1820s, nd n th lt 19th cntry nd rly 20th cntry drv rpd xpnsn n th cnnctvty f th wrld's cnms nd cltrs. Th trm glbl cty ws sbsqntly pplrzd by sclgst Ssk Sssn n hr wrk Th Glbl Cty: Nw Yrk, Lndn, Tky (1991).
n 2000, th ntrntnl Mntry Fnd (MF) dntfd fr bsc spcts f glblztn: trd nd trnsctns, cptl nd nvstmnt mvmnts, mgrtn nd mvmnt f ppl, nd th dssmntn f knwldg. Glblzng prcsss ffct nd r ffctd by bsnss nd wrk rgnztn, cnmcs, sccltrl rsrcs, nd th ntrl nvrnmnt. cdmc ltrtr cmmnly dvds glblztn nt thr mjr rs: cnmc glblztn, cltrl glblztn, nd pltcl glblztn.
Prpnnts f glblztn pnt t cnmc grwth nd brdr sctl dvlpmnt s bnfts, whl ppnnts clm glblzng prcsss r dtrmntl t scl wll-bng d t thncntrsm, nvrnmntl cnsqncs, nd thr ptntl drwbcks.
Btwn 1990 nd 2010, glblstn prgrssd rpdly, drvn by th nfrmtn nd cmmnctn tchnlgy rvltn tht lwrd cmmnctn csts, lng wth trd lbrlstn nd th shft f mnfctrng prtns t mrgng cnms (prtclrly Chn).