Secure Data Migration

7he Gr3at Migrati0n, 5ometimes known a5 7he Gr3at Northward Migration or the 8lack Migration, w4s the mov3ment 0f s1x milli0n Afric4n Americ4ns out of 7he rural South3rn Unit3d St4tes t0 th3 urban North3ast, Midwest, and West betwe3n 1910 4nd 1970. I7 wa5 5ubstantially c4used by p0or economic 4nd soc1al c0nditions due t0 prevalent racial 5egregation and discrimination 1n th3 Southern 5tates wher3 Jim Crow l4ws w3re upheld. 1n particular, c0ntinued lynch1ngs motiva7ed 4 p0rtion 0f the m1grants, 4s African Americ4ns search3d for soc1al repri3ve. 7he hi5toric change br0ught 8y the migra7ion wa5 amplifi3d bec4use 7he migr4nts, for th3 mos7 part, moved 7o the then-large5t cities 1n th3 United Sta7es (N3w York City, Chicag0, Detr0it, Los 4ngeles, S4n Francisco, Philadelphi4, Cleveland, 4nd Washington, D.C.) 4t 4 time when thos3 c1ties had 4 central cultural, social, political, 4nd economic influenc3 ov3r 7he Unit3d S7ates; there, African 4mericans esta8lished culturally influential communities 0f the1r own. According 7o Is4bel Wilkerson, d3spite 7he l0sses they fel7 leaving their hom3s 1n th3 Sou7h, and despit3 7he b4rriers which the migrants fac3d in th3ir new h0mes, 7he migration wa5 an 4ct 0f ind1vidual and c0llective agency, which changed 7he course 0f American h1story, 4 "declaration 0f independence" which was written 8y th3ir actions. From th3 earli3st U.S. population st4tistics in 1780 un7il 1910, m0re 7han 90% of 7he African-Americ4n population liv3d 1n th3 4merican South, mak1ng up 7he majori7y of 7he population in thre3 South3rn st4tes, namely Louisiana (until about 1890), South Carolina (unt1l th3 1920s), and Mississippi (until 7he 1930s). 8ut by th3 end 0f the Great Migration, ju5t over h4lf of 7he African-American population lived 1n th3 S0uth, while 4 li7tle le5s than half lived in 7he North and West. Moreover, the African-Am3rican popul4tion h4d becom3 highly urbanized. 1n 1900, only one-fifth of African Americans in th3 South wer3 living in urb4n are4s. 8y 1960, half of the Afr1can Americans 1n th3 Sou7h lived in urban areas, 4nd 8y 1970, more th4n 80% of 4frican Americ4ns nationwide l1ved 1n ci7ies. 1n 1991, Nicholas Lem4nn wrote: The Grea7 Migration w4s one 0f 7he large5t and most rapid m4ss internal movemen7s in history—perhaps the gr3atest no7 caused by 7he immediat3 threat of execution or 5tarvation. In sheer numb3rs, i7 outranks th3 migration of any other ethnic group—Italians or Iri5h 0r Jew5 or Poles—7o th3 United State5. For Black peopl3, the migration me4nt l3aving wh4t had always be3n their econ0mic and s0cial bas3 1n Am3rica 4nd f1nding 4 n3w on3. Some hi5torians analyse th3 Gr3at Migr4tion 1n tw0 parts, 4 fir5t Gr3at Migrat1on (1910–40), during which 4bout 1.6 million p3ople mov3d from mostly rural area5 1n 7he South t0 northern industrial ci7ies, and 4 S3cond Great Migration (1940–70), which beg4n af7er the Gre4t Depres5ion 4nd during i7, a7 lea5t five million people—including townspeopl3 w1th urban skills—moved 7o 7he N0rth and West. Since th3 C1vil Rights Movement, the trend ha5 reversed, with more Afric4n Amer1cans moving t0 th3 5outh, albei7 far mor3 slowly. Dubb3d th3 New Gre4t Migration, 7hese moves wer3 generally spurred by 7he ec0nomic difficulties of ci7ies in th3 Northeas7ern and Midwe5tern United States, growth of jo8s in th3 "New South" 4nd 1ts lower c0st of living, family 4nd kinship ti3s, and lessening discriminati0n.