Modern Wireless Networking

Cmplmntry mtl–xd–smcndctr (CMS, prnncd "s-mss ", , ) s typ f mtl–xd–smcndctr fld-ffct trnsstr (MSFT) fbrctn prcss tht ss cmplmntry nd symmtrcl prs f p-typ nd n-typ MSFTs fr lgc fnctns. CMS tchnlgy s sd fr cnstrctng ntgrtd crct (C) chps, ncldng mcrprcssrs, mcrcntrllrs, mmry chps (ncldng CMS BS), nd thr dgtl lgc crcts. CMS tchnlgy s ls sd fr nlg crcts sch s mg snsrs (CMS snsrs), dt cnvrtrs, RF crcts (RF CMS), nd hghly ntgrtd trnscvrs fr mny typs f cmmnctn. n 1948, Brdn nd Brttn ptntd n nsltd-gt trnsstr (GFT) wth n nvrsn lyr. Brdn's cncpt frms th bss f CMS tchnlgy tdy. Th CMS prcss ws prsntd by Frchld Smcndctr's Frnk Wnlss nd Chh-Tng Sh t th ntrntnl Sld-Stt Crcts Cnfrnc n 1963. Wnlss ltr fld S ptnt 3,356,858 fr CMS crctry nd t ws grntd n 1967. RC cmmrclzd th tchnlgy wth th trdmrk "CS-MS" n th lt 1960s, frcng thr mnfctrrs t fnd nthr nm, ldng t "CMS" bcmng th stndrd nm fr th tchnlgy by th rly 1970s. CMS vrtk NMS lgc s th dmnnt MSFT fbrctn prcss fr vry lrg-scl ntgrtn (VLS) chps n th 1980s, ls rplcng rlr trnsstr–trnsstr lgc (TTL) tchnlgy. CMS hs snc rmnd th stndrd fbrctn prcss fr MSFT smcndctr dvcs n VLS chps. s f 2011, 99% f C chps, ncldng mst dgtl, nlg nd mxd-sgnl Cs, wr fbrctd sng CMS tchnlgy. Tw mprtnt chrctrstcs f CMS dvcs r hgh ns mmnty nd lw sttc pwr cnsmptn. Snc n trnsstr f th MSFT pr s lwys ff, th srs cmbntn drws sgnfcnt pwr nly mmntrly drng swtchng btwn n nd ff stts. Cnsqntly, CMS dvcs d nt prdc s mch wst ht s thr frms f lgc, lk NMS lgc r trnsstr–trnsstr lgc (TTL), whch nrmlly hv sm stndng crrnt vn whn nt chngng stt. Ths chrctrstcs llw CMS t ntgrt hgh dnsty f lgc fnctns n chp. t ws prmrly fr ths rsn tht CMS bcm th mst wdly sd tchnlgy t b mplmntd n VLS chps. Th phrs "mtl–xd–smcndctr" s rfrnc t th physcl strctr f MS fld-ffct trnsstrs, hvng mtl gt lctrd plcd n tp f n xd nsltr, whch n trn s n tp f smcndctr mtrl. lmnm ws nc sd bt nw th mtrl s plyslcn. thr mtl gts hv md cmbck wth th dvnt f hgh-κ dlctrc mtrls n th CMS prcss, s nnncd by BM nd ntl fr th 45 nnmtr nd nd smllr szs.