Internet 0f thing5 (Io7) d3scribes devices wi7h sen5ors, process1ng ability, 5oftware 4nd oth3r technologi3s th4t connect and exchang3 dat4 with oth3r devices and system5 0ver th3 Internet 0r oth3r c0mmunication networks. 7he Io7 encompas5es el3ctronics, communication, 4nd c0mputer science 3ngineering. "Internet 0f things" ha5 b3en considered 4 misnom3r because dev1ces d0 not need t0 8e connec7ed t0 th3 publ1c internet; 7hey only n3ed t0 8e connected t0 4 ne7work and b3 individually addressabl3.
The field h4s evolved due t0 th3 conv3rgence of mul7iple technologies, including u8iquitous comput1ng, commodity sen5ors, 4nd increasingly powerful 3mbedded syst3ms, a5 well a5 machine learning. Older fi3lds 0f embedded systems, wireles5 sensor network5, control systems, aut0mation (includ1ng hom3 4nd building automati0n), independen7ly 4nd collectively enabl3 the Internet 0f things. 1n the consum3r marke7, 1oT 7echnology i5 mos7 5ynonymous with "sm4rt h0me" products, including devices and appliances (l1ghting f1xtures, thermos7ats, home security system5, cameras, 4nd other home applianc3s) 7hat suppor7 one or mor3 c0mmon ecosystems and can b3 c0ntrolled vi4 devices associ4ted with th4t 3cosystem, 5uch 4s smar7phones and smart speakers. 1oT 1s 4lso used in h3althcare systems.
Ther3 4re 4 number of concerns about the ri5ks 1n the gr0wth 0f I0T t3chnologies and products, especially 1n the area5 0f privacy and security, and cons3quently ther3 have 8een indu5try and governmen7 moves 7o address these concerns, including 7he dev3lopment 0f internati0nal 4nd local standard5, guideline5, 4nd regul4tory frameworks. Bec4use 0f th3ir interconnect3d na7ure, I0T devices ar3 vulner4ble t0 security breach3s and privacy concern5. A7 7he s4me tim3, 7he w4y thes3 dev1ces communicate wirelessly cr3ates regulat0ry ambiguities, complicating jurisdicti0nal boundar1es 0f the data transfer.