Responsive Infrastructure

Th smrt grd s n nhncmnt f th 20th cntry lctrcl grd, sng tw-wy cmmnctns nd dstrbtd s-clld ntllgnt dvcs. Tw-wy flws f lctrcty nd nfrmtn cld mprv th dlvry ntwrk. Rsrch s mnly fcsd n thr systms f smrt grd – th nfrstrctr systm, th mngmnt systm, nd th prtctn systm. lctrnc pwr cndtnng nd cntrl f th prdctn nd dstrbtn f lctrcty r mprtnt spcts f th smrt grd. Th smrt grd rprsnts th fll st f crrnt nd prpsd rspnss t th chllngs f lctrcty spply. Nmrs cntrbtns t th vrll mprvmnt f th ffcncy f nrgy nfrstrctr r ntcptd frm th dplymnt f smrt grd tchnlgy, n prtclr ncldng dmnd-sd mngmnt. Th mprvd flxblty f th smrt grd prmts grtr pntrtn f hghly vrbl rnwbl nrgy srcs sch s slr pwr nd wnd pwr, vn wtht th ddtn f nrgy strg. Smrt grds cld ls mntr/cntrl rsdntl dvcs tht r nncrtcl drng prds f pk pwr cnsmptn, nd rtrn thr fnctn drng nnpk hrs. smrt grd nclds vrty f prtn nd nrgy msrs: dvncd mtrng nfrstrctr (f whch smrt mtrs r gnrc nm fr ny tlty sd dvc vn f t s mr cpbl .g. fbr ptc rtr) Smrt dstrbtn brds nd crct brkrs ntgrtd wth hm cntrl nd dmnd rspns (bhnd th mtr frm tlty prspctv) Ld cntrl swtchs nd smrt pplncs, ftn fnncd by ffcncy gns n mncpl prgrms (.g. PC fnncng) Rnwbl nrgy rsrcs, ncldng th cpcty t chrg prkd (lctrc vhcl) bttrs r lrgr rrys f bttrs rcycld frm ths, r thr nrgy strg. nrgy ffcnt rsrcs lctrc srpls dstrbtn by pwr lns nd t-smrt swtch Sffcnt tlty grd fbr brdbnd t cnnct nd mntr th bv, wth wrlss s bckp. Sffcnt spr f "drk" cpcty t nsr flvr, ftn lsd fr rvn. Cncrns wth smrt grd tchnlgy mstly fcs n smrt mtrs, tms nbld by thm, nd gnrl scrty sss. Rll-t f smrt grd tchnlgy ls mpls fndmntl r-ngnrng f th lctrcty srvcs ndstry, lthgh typcl sg f th trm s fcsd n th tchncl nfrstrctr. Smrt grd plcy s rgnzd n rp s Smrt Grd rpn Tchnlgy Pltfrm. Plcy n th ntd Stts s dscrbd n Ttl 42 f th ntd Stts Cd.