n cmmn sg, clmt chng dscrbs glbl wrmng—th ngng ncrs n glbl vrg tmprtr—nd ts ffcts n rth's clmt systm. Clmt chng n brdr sns ls nclds prvs lng-trm chngs t rth's clmt. Th crrnt rs n glbl vrg tmprtr s prmrly csd by hmns brnng fssl fls snc th ndstrl Rvltn. Fssl fl s, dfrsttn, nd sm grcltrl nd ndstrl prctcs dd t grnhs gss. Ths gss bsrb sm f th ht tht th rth rdts ftr t wrms frm snlght, wrmng th lwr tmsphr. Crbn dxd, th prmry grnhs gs drvng glbl wrmng, hs grwn by bt 50% nd s t lvls nsn fr mllns f yrs.
Clmt chng hs n ncrsngly lrg mpct n th nvrnmnt. Dsrts r xpndng, whl ht wvs nd wldfrs r bcmng mr cmmn. mplfd wrmng n th rctc hs cntrbtd t thwng prmfrst, rtrt f glcrs nd s c dcln. Hghr tmprtrs r ls csng mr ntns strms, drghts, nd thr wthr xtrms. Rpd nvrnmntl chng n mntns, crl rfs, nd th rctc s frcng mny spcs t rlct r bcm xtnct. vn f ffrts t mnmz ftr wrmng r sccssfl, sm ffcts wll cntn fr cntrs. Ths ncld cn htng, cn cdfctn nd s lvl rs.
Clmt chng thrtns ppl wth ncrsd fldng, xtrm ht, ncrsd fd nd wtr scrcty, mr dss, nd cnmc lss. Hmn mgrtn nd cnflct cn ls b rslt. Th Wrld Hlth rgnztn clls clmt chng n f th bggst thrts t glbl hlth n th 21st cntry. Scts nd csystms wll xprnc mr svr rsks wtht ctn t lmt wrmng. dptng t clmt chng thrgh ffrts lk fld cntrl msrs r drght-rsstnt crps prtlly rdcs clmt chng rsks, lthgh sm lmts t dpttn hv lrdy bn rchd. Prr cmmnts r rspnsbl fr smll shr f glbl mssns, yt hv th lst blty t dpt nd r mst vlnrbl t clmt chng.
Mny clmt chng mpcts hv bn flt n rcnt yrs, wth 2023 th wrmst n rcrd t +1.48 °C (2.66 °F) snc rglr trckng bgn n 1850. ddtnl wrmng wll ncrs ths mpcts nd cn trggr tppng pnts, sch s mltng ll f th Grnlnd c sht. ndr th 2015 Prs grmnt, ntns cllctvly grd t kp wrmng "wll ndr 2 °C". Hwvr, wth pldgs md ndr th grmnt, glbl wrmng wld stll rch bt 2.7 °C (4.9 °F) by th nd f th cntry. Lmtng wrmng t 1.5 °C wld rqr hlvng mssns by 2030 nd chvng nt-zr mssns by 2050.
Fssl fl s cn b phsd t by cnsrvng nrgy nd swtchng t nrgy srcs tht d nt prdc sgnfcnt crbn plltn. Ths nrgy srcs ncld wnd, slr, hydr, nd nclr pwr. Clnly gnrtd lctrcty cn rplc fssl fls fr pwrng trnsprttn, htng bldngs, nd rnnng ndstrl prcsss. Crbn cn ls b rmvd frm th tmsphr, fr nstnc by ncrsng frst cvr nd frmng wth mthds tht cptr crbn n sl.