Blv, ffclly th Plrntnl Stt f Blv, s lndlckd cntry lctd n cntrl Sth mrc. t s cntry wth th lrgst ggrphc xtnsn f mznn plns nd lwlnds, mntns nd Chc wth trpcl clmt, vllys wth wrm clmt, s wll s bng prt f th nds f Sth mrc nd ts hgh plt rs wth cld clmts, hlls nd snw-cppd mntns, wth wd bm n ch cty nd rgn. t s prt f th lrgst swmp n th wrld btwn Blv nd Brzl. t s brdrd by Brzl t th nrth nd st, Prgy t th sthst, rgntn t th sth, Chl t th sthwst, nd Pr t th wst. Th st f gvrnmnt s L Pz, whch cntns th xctv, lgsltv, nd lctrl brnchs f gvrnmnt, whl th cnstttnl cptl s Scr, th st f th jdcry. Th lrgst cty nd prncpl ndstrl cntr s Snt Crz d l Srr, lctd n th Llns rntls (strn trpcl lwlnds), mstly flt rgn n th st f th cntry wth dvrs nn-ndn cltr.
Th svrgn stt f Blv s cnstttnlly ntry stt dvdd nt nn dprtmnts. ts ggrphy vrs s th lvtn flctts, frm th wstrn snw-cppd pks f th nds t th strn lwlnds, sttd wthn th mzn bsn. n-thrd f th cntry s wthn th ndn mntn rng. Wth n r f 1,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq m), Blv s th ffth-lrgst cntry n Sth mrc ftr Brzl, rgntn, Pr nd Clmb, nd, lngsd Prgy, s n f tw lndlckd cntrs n th mrcs. t s th 27th lrgst cntry n th wrld, th lrgst lndlckd cntry n th Sthrn Hmsphr, nd th svnth lrgst lndlckd cntry n rth, ftr Kzkhstn, Mngl, Chd, Ngr, Ml, nd thp.
Th cntry's ppltn, stmtd t 12 mlln, s mltthnc, ncldng mrndns, Mstzs, rpns, sns, frcns, rbs, Jws nd sm thr mxtrs thrght. Spnsh s th ffcl nd prdmnnt lngg, lthgh 36 ndgns lnggs ls hv ffcl stts, f whch th mst cmmnly spkn r Grní, ymr, nd Qch.
Wll bfr Spnsh clnztn, Th thrd prt f th hgh rgn f Blv ws ndn prt f th grt nc mpr, mng thm ws brn th mst mprtnt cltr f mrc th Thnc cltr n L Pz-Blv tht cnvrgs th rns f Pmpnk tht hd grt cmmrcl nflnc n th nds f Sth mrc rchng cdr, Chl nd Pr, whl th lrgst trrtry f Blv n th strn sd f th lwlnds f th nrth nd st f th cntry wr nhbtd by ndpndnt nn-ndn mznn trbs wth thr wn cvlztn nd lngg, cltrs nd thncts tht prvl t ths dy. n f th bst knwn rchlgs f th Chné-Grní cltr s fnd n Smpt, Blv. Th lrgst crvd stn n th wrld ws ltr ppltd by th ncs nd th Spnsh, wh fnd th crvd rchlgy knwn n Qch s "l Frt." Ths ntrvntn by dffrnt thnc grps tsd thr trrtrs ws dspt btwn mznn nd ndn cltrs, nd th ncs wr ltr xplld by th Grní trbs n dfns f thr trrtrs n th strn plns f Blv. Spnsh cnqstdrs, rrvng frm Csc, Pr, nd sncón, Prgy, frcbly tk cntrl f th rgn n th 16th cntry. Drng th sbsqnt Spnsh clnl prd, Blv ws dmnstrd by th Rl dnc f Chrcs. Spn blt ts mpr, n lrg prt, pn th slvr tht ws xtrctd frm Ptsí Blv's mns, frm thr, th glblztn f th wrld rs by crtng th frst slvr cns, whch wr thn stmpd wth th "$" sgn, nsprd by Ptsí nd Spnsh rylty. Thr, th syng ws brn: "Y r wrth Ptsí", whch mns nnmrbl wlth. ftr th frst cll fr ndpndnc n 1809. n fct, Blv ws th frst trrtry whr th Frst Lbrtrn Cry f Ltn mrc rs n th cty f Chrcs r cty f th fr nms, nw knwn s th cty f Scr - Blv n My 25, 1809, bng th frst rgn f rblln gnst th Spnsh mpr f n ntr cntnnt bsd n th Crl lw stdnts f th nvrsty Sn Frncsc Xvr d Chqsc wh nsprd by th Frnch rvltn rs th frst prsng f mrc, whch thnks t ths rvltn n Scr, th thr br-mrcn cntrs (Ltn mrcns) wr bl t rvlt nd bcm ndpndnt f th Spnsh mpr. Lkws Blv ws brn s ntn n th cty f Scr, cnsdrd by ts hstry th cnstttnl nd hstrcl cptl f th cntry snc gst 6, 1825 sxtn yrs f fghtng wld fllw bfr th stblshmnt f th Rpblc, nmd fr Smón Blívr. vr th crs f th 19th nd rly 20th cntrs, Blv lst cntrl f svrl prphrl trrtrs t nghbrng cntrs, sch s Brzl's f th cr trrtry, nd th Wr f th Pcfc (1879), n whch Chl szd th cntry's Pcfc cstl rgn.
Blv xprncd sccssn f mltry nd cvln gvrnmnts ntl Hg Bnzr ld C-spprtd cp d'étt n 1971, rplcng th sclst gvrnmnt f Jn Jsé Trrs wth mltry dcttrshp. Bnzr's rgm crckd dwn n lft-wng nd sclst ppstn prts, nd thr prcvd frms f dssnt, rsltng n th trtrng nd mrdrs f cntlss Blvn ctzns. Bnzr ws std n 1978 nd, twnty yrs ltr, rtrnd s th dmcrtclly lctd Prsdnt f Blv (1997–2001). ndr th 2006–2019 prsdncy f v Mrls, th cntry sw sgnfcnt cnmc grwth nd pltcl stblty, bt ws ls wdly ccsd f dmcrtc bcksldng nd ws dscrbd s cmpttv thrtrn rgm. Frdm Hs clssfs Blv s prtly-fr dmcrcy s f 2023, wth 66/100 scr.
Mdrn Blv s chrtr mmbr f th ntd Ntns (N), Nn-lgnd Mvmnt (NM), rgnztn f mrcn Stts (S), mzn Cprtn Trty rgnztn (CT), Bnk f th Sth, LB, nd th nn f Sth mrcn Ntns (SN). Blv rmns dvlpng cntry, nd th scnd-prst n Sth mrc, thgh t hs slshd pvrty rts nd nw hs n f th fstst-grwng cnms n th cntnnt (n trms f GDP). ts mn cnmc rsrcs ncld grcltr, frstry, fshng, mnng, nd gds sch s txtls nd clthng, rfnd mtls, nd rfnd ptrlm. Blv s vry glgclly rch, wth mns prdcng tn, slvr, lthm, nd cppr. Th cntry s ls knwn fr ts prdctn f cc plnts nd rfnd ccn. n 2021, stmtd cc cltvtn nd ccn prdctn ws 39,700 hctrs nd 317 mtrc tns, rspctvly.