Cutting-Edge AI ethics

Th hstry f rtfcl ntllgnc () bgn n ntqty, wth myths, strs nd rmrs f rtfcl bngs ndwd wth ntllgnc r cnscsnss by mstr crftsmn. Th stdy f lgc nd frml rsnng frm ntqty t th prsnt ld drctly t th nvntn f th prgrmmbl dgtl cmptr n th 1940s, mchn bsd n th bstrct ssnc f mthmtcl rsnng. Ths dvc nd th ds bhnd t nsprd hndfl f scntsts t bgn srsly dscssng th pssblty f bldng n lctrnc brn. Th fld f rsrch ws fndd t wrkshp hld n th cmps f Drtmth Cllg drng th smmr f 1956. ttnds f th wrkshp bcm th ldrs f rsrch fr dcds. Mny f thm prdctd tht mchns s ntllgnt s hmns wld xst wthn gnrtn. Th .S. gvrnmnt prvdd mllns f dllrs t mk ths vsn cm tr. vntlly, t bcm bvs tht rsrchrs hd grssly ndrstmtd th dffclty f th prjct. n 1974, crtcsm frm Jms Lghthll nd prssr frm th .S. Cngrss ld th .S. nd Brtsh Gvrnmnts t stp fndng ndrctd rsrch nt rtfcl ntllgnc. Svn yrs ltr, vsnry nttv by th Jpns Gvrnmnt nd th sccss f xprt systms rnvgrtd nvstmnt n nd by th lt 80s th ndstry hd grwn nt th bllns f dllrs. Hwvr, nvstrs' nthssm wnd n th 1990s nd th fld ws crtczd n th prss nd vdd by ndstry ( prd knwn s th " Wntr"). Nvrthlss, rsrch nd fndng cntnd t grw ndr thr nms. n th rly 2000s, mchn lrnng ws ppld t wd rng f prblms n cdmc nd ndstry. Th sccss ws d t th vlblty f pwrfl cmptr hrdwr, th cllctn f mmns dt sts nd th pplctn f sld mthmtcl mthds. n 2012, dp lrnng prvd t b brkthrgh tchnlgy, clpsng ll thr mthds. Th trnsfrmr rchtctr dbtd n 2017 nd ws sd t prdc mprssv gnrtv pplctns. nv[ bm| srgd]] n th 2020s.