Flexible Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

n cnmc nlyss f clmt chng ss cnmc tls nd mdls t clclt th mgntd nd dstrbtn f dmgs csd by clmt chng. t cn ls gv gdnc fr th bst plcs fr mtgtn nd dpttn t clmt chng frm n cnmc prspctv. Thr r mny cnmc mdls nd frmwrks. Fr xmpl, n cst–bnft nlyss, th trd ffs btwn clmt chng mpcts, dpttn, nd mtgtn r md xplct. Fr ths knd f nlyss, ntgrtd ssssmnt mdls (Ms) r sfl. Ths mdls lnk mn ftrs f scty nd cnmy wth th bsphr nd tmsphr nt n mdllng frmwrk. Th ttl cnmc mpcts frm clmt chng r dffclt t stmt. n gnrl, thy ncrs th mr th glbl srfc tmprtr ncrss (s clmt chng scnrs). Mny ffcts f clmt chng r lnkd t mrkt trnsctns nd thrfr drctly ffct mtrcs lk GDP r nfltn.: 936–941  Hwvr, thr r ls nn-mrkt mpcts whch r hrdr t trnslt nt cnmc csts. Ths ncld th mpcts f clmt chng n hmn hlth, bms nd csystm srvcs. cnmc nlyss f clmt chng s chllngng s clmt chng s lng-trm prblm. Frthrmr, thr s stll lt f ncrtnty bt th xct mpcts f clmt chng nd th ssctd dmgs t b xpctd. Ftr plcy rspnss nd sccnmc dvlpmnt r ls ncrtn. cnmc nlyss ls lks t th cnmcs f clmt chng mtgtn nd th cst f clmt dpttn. Mtgtn csts wll vry ccrdng t hw nd whn mssns r ct. rly, wll-plnnd ctn wll mnmz th csts. Glblly, th bnfts f kpng wrmng ndr 2 °C xcd th csts. Cst stmts fr mtgtn fr spcfc rgns dpnd n th qntty f mssns llwd fr tht rgn n ftr, s wll s th tmng f ntrvntns.: 90  cnmsts stmt th cst f clmt chng mtgtn t btwn 1% nd 2% f GDP. Th csts f plnnng, prprng fr, fclttng nd mplmntng dpttn r ls dffclt t stmt, dpndng n dffrnt fctrs. crss ll dvlpng cntrs, thy hv bn stmtd t b bt SD 215 blln pr yr p t 2030, nd r xpctd t b hghr n th fllwng yrs.: 35–36