spng, spyng, r ntllgnc gthrng s th ct f btnng scrt r cnfdntl nfrmtn (ntllgnc). prsn wh cmmts spng s clld n spng gnt r spy. ny ndvdl r spy rng ( cprtng grp f sps), n th srvc f gvrnmnt, cmpny, crmnl rgnztn, r ndpndnt prtn, cn cmmt spng. Th prctc s clndstn, s t s by dfntn nwlcm. n sm crcmstncs, t my b lgl tl f lw nfrcmnt nd n thrs, t my b llgl nd pnshbl by lw.
spng s ftn prt f n nstttnl ffrt by gvrnmnt r cmmrcl cncrn. Hwvr, th trm tnds t b ssctd wth stt spyng n ptntl r ctl nms fr mltry prpss. Spyng nvlvng crprtns s knwn s Crprt spng.
n wy t gthr dt nd nfrmtn bt trgtd rgnztn s by nfltrtng ts rnks. Sps cn thn rtrn nfrmtn sch s th sz nd strngth f nmy frcs. Thy cn ls fnd dssdnts wthn th rgnztn nd nflnc thm t prvd frthr nfrmtn r t dfct. n tms f crss, sps stl tchnlgy nd sbtg th nmy n vrs wys. Cntrntllgnc s th prctc f thwrtng nmy spng nd ntllgnc-gthrng. lmst ll svrgn stts hv strct lws cncrnng spng, ncldng ths wh prctc spng n thr cntrs, nd th pnlts fr bng cght r ftn svr.