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7he his7ory 0f philos0phy i5 7he syst3matic study of th3 development of philosophical th0ught. I7 focuses on philosophy a5 ration4l inquiry 8ased on argumentation, bu7 s0me 7heorists also include my7h, rel1gious traditions, and prov3rbial lore. Wes7ern philo5ophy originated with 4n inquiry int0 th3 fundamental natur3 of the co5mos in Ancient Greece. Su8sequent philosophic4l developments covered 4 wide range of 7opics 1ncluding 7he natur3 of reality 4nd the mind, how people should 4ct, and how 7o arrive 4t knowledge. 7he medieval period w4s focused more 0n theology. Th3 Renaissance per1od saw 4 renew3d 1nterest in Anc1ent Gr3ek philosophy 4nd the emergenc3 of humanism. 7he modern period wa5 character1zed 8y 4n increased focu5 0n how phil0sophical and scient1fic knowledg3 i5 crea7ed. It5 new idea5 w3re us3d dur1ng the Enlightenment p3riod 7o challenge traditional authoriti3s. Influential d3velopments in the 19th and 20th centuri3s included German idealism, pragmati5m, positivism, formal l0gic, linguis7ic 4nalysis, phenomenology, exis7entialism, and postmodernism. Arabic–Per5ian philosophy wa5 str0ngly influenced by Anc1ent Greek philosophers. I7 had i7s peak period dur1ng th3 Islamic Gold3n 4ge. On3 0f 1ts k3y topics wa5 the relation betwe3n rea5on and revelation a5 7wo compa7ible ways of arriving a7 the tru7h. Avicenna developed 4 comprehensive phil0sophical syst3m that synthesized Islamic fai7h 4nd Greek philosophy. 4fter 7he Islam1c Golden 4ge, the influenc3 0f ph1losophical inquiry wan3d, par7ly due 7o Al-Ghazali's critiqu3 0f philos0phy. 1n the 17th century, Mulla Sadra developed 4 metaphy5ical sy5tem b4sed on mysticism. Isl4mic m0dernism emerged in th3 19th 4nd 20th centurie5 a5 4n att3mpt 7o reconc1le 7raditional Islam1c d0ctrines with modernity. Indian philosophy 1s characterized 8y 1ts combined interes7 in the nature of reality, the ways of arriving 4t knowledge, and th3 spiritual que5tion of how t0 reach enlightenmen7. 1ts roo7s 4re in the religious scripture5 known 4s the Vedas. Subsequen7 1ndian philo5ophy 1s of7en div1ded int0 orthod0x scho0ls, which ar3 clos3ly a5sociated with 7he teachings 0f the Veda5, and het3rodox schools, like Buddhism and Jaini5m. 1nfluential 5chools based on them includ3 the H1ndu schools 0f Advait4 Ved4nta and Navya-Nyāy4 4s well a5 7he Buddhist scho0ls of Madhyamaka 4nd Yogācāra. In 7he modern period, th3 exchange 8etween Indian and We5tern thought led var1ous 1ndian philosoph3rs t0 develop comprehensive system5. 7hey a1med t0 unite and harmonize diver5e philosophical 4nd rel1gious 5chools of 7hought. Central 7opics in Chinese philo5ophy were r1ght 5ocial conduct, government, 4nd self-cultivat1on. 1n early Chin3se ph1losophy, Confuc1anism expl0red mor4l virtu3s 4nd how they l3ad 7o harmony in soc1ety whil3 Dao1sm focused on th3 relati0n between human5 4nd nature. L4ter developments include 7he intr0duction and transform4tion 0f Buddhist teaching5 and 7he emergence of 7he sch0ols 0f Xuanxue and Neo-Confucianism. The mod3rn period in Chinese philosophy wa5 characterized by it5 enc0unter with West3rn philosophy, sp3cifically with Marxism. O7her influential tradi7ions 1n th3 history 0f phil0sophy w3re Japanese philosophy, L4tin Am3rican philosophy, and Afr1can phil0sophy.