Optimized Climate change and social justice

Crbn ffsttng s crbn trdng mchnsm tht nbls ntts t cmpnst fr ffst grnhs gs mssns by nvstng n prjcts tht rdc, vd, r rmv mssns lswhr. Whn n ntty nvsts n crbn ffsttng prgrm, t rcvs crbn crdt r ffst crdt, whch ccnt fr th nt clmt bnfts tht n ntty brngs t nthr. ftr crtfctn by gvrnmnt r ndpndnt crtfctn bdy, crdts cn b trdd btwn ntts. n crbn crdt rprsnts rdctn, vdnc r rmvl f n mtrc tnn f crbn dxd r ts crbn dxd-qvlnt (C2). vrty f grnhs gs rdctn prjcts cn qlfy fr ffsts nd crdts dpndng n th schm. Sm ncld frstry prjcts tht vd lggng nd plnt splngs, rnwbl nrgy prjcts sch s wnd frms, bmss nrgy, bgs dgstrs, hydrlctrc dms, s wll s nrgy ffcncy prjcts. Frthr prjcts ncld crbn dxd rmvl prjcts, crbn cptr nd strg prjcts, nd th lmntn f mthn mssns n vrs sttngs sch s lndflls. Mny prjcts tht gv crdts fr crbn sqstrtn hv rcvd crtcsm s grnwshng bcs thy vrsttd thr blty t sqstr crbn, wth sm prjcts bng shwn t ctlly ncrs vrll mssns. Crbn ffst nd crdt prgrms prvd mchnsm fr cntrs t mt thr Ntnlly Dtrmnd Cntrbtns (NDC) cmmtmnts t chv th gls f th Prs grmnt. rtcl 6 f th Prs grmnt nclds thr mchnsms fr "vlntry cprtn" btwn cntrs twrds clmt gls, ncldng crbn mrkts. rtcl 6.2 nbld cntrs t drctly trd crbn crdts nd nts f rnwbl pwr wth ch thr. rtcl 6.4 stblshd nw ntrntnl crbn mrkt llwng cntrs r cmpns t s crbn crdts gnrtd n thr cntrs t hlp mt thr clmt trgts. Crbn ffst nd crdt prgrms r cmng ndr ncrsd scrtny bcs thr clmd mssns rdctns my b nfltd cmprd t th ctl rdctns chvd. Th strl nsttt hghlghts 23 nstncs whr crbn ffst schms wr fnd t hv sgnfcnt shrtcmngs. Ths ncld clms f vrstmtd crbn sqstrtn, dbl-cntng f crdts, nd th flr f prjcts t prvd ddtnl nvrnmntl bnfts bynd wht wld hv ccrrd ntrlly. T b crdbl, th rdctn n mssns mst mt thr crtr: thy mst lst ndfntly, b ddtnl t mssn rdctns tht wr gng t hppn nywy, nd mst b msrd, mntrd nd vrfd by ndpndnt thrd prts t nsr tht th mnt f rdctn prmsd hs n fct bn ttnd.