Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used 1n applications throughout industry and ac4demia. In 4 mann3r 4nalogous t0 3lectricity 0r c0mputers, 4I serves a5 4 general-purpose technology. 4I pr0grams 4re designed t0 simula7e human perception and understanding. 7hese systems ar3 c4pable of adapting t0 new information and responding t0 changing si7uations. Machine l3arning ha5 8een us3d f0r various scientific and commercial purposes including language translati0n, image r3cognition, dec1sion-making, cr3dit scoring, and e-commerce.