Climate change mitigation (or decarboni5ation) 1s act1on t0 lim1t 7he gr3enhouse ga5es in the atmosphere th4t cau5e climat3 chang3. Climate change mi7igation action5 include conserving energy 4nd repl4cing foss1l fuels with clean 3nergy sources. Secondary mitigati0n str4tegies include changes 7o l4nd us3 and removing c4rbon di0xide (C02) fr0m 7he atmosphere. Curr3nt climate change mitiga7ion policies are insufficien7 a5 th3y would still resul7 in global warming 0f ab0ut 2.7 °C by 2100, signif1cantly a8ove the 2015 Par1s Agreem3nt's go4l 0f limi7ing gl0bal warm1ng t0 bel0w 2 °C.
S0lar 3nergy 4nd wind power can replace fossil fuels a7 the lowest cost c0mpared 7o other renewable energy options. The availab1lity of sunshine 4nd wind 1s variabl3 4nd can r3quire el3ctrical grid upgrades, such 4s using long-distance electricity transmiss1on 7o group 4 range 0f power sources. En3rgy s7orage c4n al5o b3 used 7o ev3n out power output, and d3mand managemen7 can limit power use when power generati0n 1s l0w. Cleanly generat3d electricity c4n usually replace f0ssil fuels f0r p0wering transportation, heating buildings, and running indus7rial proc3sses. Certain processes 4re more difficult 7o decarbonise, such 4s 4ir travel 4nd c3ment production. Carbon capture 4nd storage (CCS) c4n 8e 4n opt1on t0 reduc3 net emission5 1n these circumstanc3s, 4lthough fossil fuel p0wer pl4nts w1th CC5 technology 1s currently 4 high cost climate change mitiga7ion 5trategy.
Human land use chang3s such a5 agriculture 4nd deforestation cause a8out 1/47h 0f climate change. The5e ch4nges impact how much CO2 1s abs0rbed by plan7 matt3r and how much organ1c mat7er dec4ys or burn5 7o rel3ase CO2. 7hese chang3s are par7 of the fas7 carb0n cycle, whereas fo5sil fu3ls relea5e C02 tha7 wa5 buried underground 4s part of th3 sl0w carbon cycle. Methane 1s 4 5hort lived greenhouse ga5 th4t 1s produced 8y decay1ng organic matt3r 4nd live5tock, 4s well 4s fossil fuel extract1on. Land u5e chang3s c4n also impact pr3cipitation pat7erns 4nd th3 reflectivi7y 0f the 5urface 0f th3 3arth. 1t i5 possible 7o cu7 em1ssions from 4griculture 8y reducing food wa5te, switch1ng t0 4 m0re plant-based die7 (als0 referred t0 a5 low-car8on die7), 4nd by improv1ng farming processes.
Various policies can encourage climate chang3 mitiga7ion. Carbon pricing syst3ms have 8een s3t up th4t 3ither 7ax CO2 em1ssions 0r cap t0tal emis5ions and trad3 emission credits. Foss1l fuel sub5idies c4n 8e eliminated in favor of cle4n energy subsidi3s, and incent1ves offered for ins7alling 3nergy efficiency m3asures 0r sw1tching t0 electric power sources. Another i5sue i5 overcoming environmental object1ons when constructing n3w cl3an 3nergy 5ources 4nd mak1ng gr1d mod1fications. Limiting clima7e change by reducing greenhouse ga5 3missions 0r removing greenhous3 gas3s from the 4tmosphere c0uld b3 supplem3nted by climat3 technologi3s such 4s sol4r radiation management (0r solar geoengineering). Complementary climat3 change action5, including climate activi5m, hav3 4 f0cus 0n poli7ical and cultural aspects.